MobileNetV2 Transfer Learning Implementation for Waste Classification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64479/iarci.v1i2.62Keywords:
Transfer Learning, MobileNetV2, Waste Classification, CNN, Deep Learning, Environmental Informatics, Computer VisionAbstract
Waste management issues represent one of the major challenges in maintaining environmental sustainability, as the waste sorting process is still largely performed manually, requiring significant time and effort and relying heavily on human accuracy, which makes it inefficient and prone to errors. Therefore, this study utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology as a solution to support more effective and sustainable environmental management by proposing the use of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm to classify waste types based on digital images. The data used consist of waste images as inputs in the image processing stage, which are then classified into several waste categories. The CNN architecture applied consists of multiple convolutional layers with a kernel size of 3×3, max pooling layers for feature extraction, and a fully connected layer with a softmax activation function to determine the output class, while the model training process is optimized using the Adam Optimizer algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CNN model is capable of classifying waste types with a good level of accuracy, indicating that this AI-based approach can serve as an effective supporting solution for intelligent, efficient, and sustainable waste management systems and contribute to environmental conservation efforts.
Downloads
References
[1] S. R. Muslihati, A. Purba, and R. Setiawan, “Deep learning implementation for smart waste management in urban areas,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 345, p. 118732, Nov. 2023.
[2] N. Ramsurrun, G. Suddul, S. Armoogum, and R. Foogooa, “Recyclable Waste Classification Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning,” in 2021 Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference, ZINC 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021, pp. 11–15. doi: 10.1109/ZINC52049.2021.9499291.
[3] M. M. Islam, S. Hasan, M. R. Hossain, M. P. Uddin, and M. Al Mamun, “Towards sustainable solutions: Effective waste classification framework via enhanced deep convolutional neural networks,” PLoS One, 2025, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324294.
[4] G. Rishma and R. Aarthi, “Classification of Waste Objects Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,” Lect. Notes Electr. Eng., vol. 783, pp. 533–542, 2022, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-3690-5_47.
[5] N. A. Fauzan, P. Sukmasetya, and N. Nuryanto, “Leveraging Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Network for Digital Waste Image Classification,” in E3S Web of Conferences, M. Setiyo, Z. Rozaki, A. Setiawan, F. Yuliastuti, Z. B. Pambuko, C. B. Edhita Praja, V. Soraya Dewi, and L. Muliawanti, Eds., EDP Sciences, 2025. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202562203009.
[6] N. Umar, B. E. W. Asrul, and Y. Wabula, “Type Deep Learning Model for Multi-Label Waste Classification in Canal Environments: A Comparative Study with CNN Architectures,” J. Appl. Data Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 261–276, 2026, doi: 10.47738/jads.v7i1.1066.
[7] S. Dey et al., “Comparative evaluation of polyethylene degradation efficiency by two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from urban waste disposal areas,” Biotechnol. Lett., vol. 48, no. 1, 2026, doi: 10.1007/s10529-025-03678-1.
[8] D. D. Damodharan, D. N. Padmashri, B. Boomika, A. G. Hiregoudar, and S. Moni Shree, “Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Efficient Waste Classification,” in 2025 5th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, CONIT 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. doi: 10.1109/CONIT65521.2025.11167180.
[9] A. M. Nasir and R. B. Roslan, “Real-Time Recycle Waste Classification Using Deep Learning: A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Automated Waste Management,” in 2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing, ICOCO 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024, pp. 440–445. doi: 10.1109/ICOCO62848.2024.10928274.
[10] R. Thinakaran, J. Somasekar, V. Neerugatti, and P. G. Saran, “Automated Waste Classification using Convolutional Neural Network,” in 2024 14th International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE), Aug. 2024, pp. 169–173. doi: 10.1109/icste63875.2024.00037.
[11] A. Sleem, “Enhancing {Sustainability} through {Automated} {Waste} {Classification}: A {Machine} {Intelligence} {Framework},” Sustain. Mach. Intell. J., vol. 5, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.61185/smij.2023.55106.
[12] M. M. Hossen et al., “GCDN-{Net}: Garbage classifier deep neural network for recyclable urban waste management,” Waste Manag., vol. 174, pp. 439–450, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.014.
[13] J. Sharma, “Exploring MobileNetV2 in Convolutional Neural Networks for Bag Classification,” in 2024 3rd International Conference for Advancement in Technology, ICONAT 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024. doi: 10.1109/ICONAT61936.2024.10775062.
[14] S. Shetty, S. Kallianpur, R. Fernandes, A. P. Rodrigues, and V. Padmanabha, “ECO-{HYBRID}: Sustainable {Waste} {Classification} {Using} {Transfer} {Learning} with {Hybrid} and {Enhanced} {CNN} {Models},” Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 19, p. 8761, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.3390/su17198761.
[15] A. A. Abuhejleh, M. Z. Alafeshat, N. Almtireen, H. ElMoaqet, M. Ryalat, and M. M. Alajlouni, “Recyclable Waste Categorization with Transfer Learning,” in 2024 22nd International Conference on Research and Education in Mechatronics, REM 2024, S. Qaadan, Ed., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024, pp. 343–348. doi: 10.1109/REM63063.2024.10735626.
[16] Y.-Z. Goh, Y. Leau, K. Li, Y. Han, A. Wibowo, and E. Moung, “Visions of Cleanliness: Accelerating Waste management With Deep Learning,” Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Eng. Technol., 2025, doi: 10.1109/IICAIET67254.2025.11265612.
[17] O. Chacón-Albero, M. Campos-Mocholí, C. Marco-Detchart, V. Julian, J. A. Rincon, and V. Botti, “AI for Sustainable Recycling: Efficient Model Optimization for Waste Classification Systems,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 12, p. 3807, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.3390/s25123807.
[18] B. Wijaya and others, “Mobile-optimized CNN for waste classification in developing countries,” Environ. Technol. & Innov., vol. 30, p. 103075, May 2023.
[19] N. Narayanswamy, A. R. Abdul Rajak, and S. Hasan, “Development of Computer Vision Algorithms for Multi-class Waste Segregation and Their Analysis,” Emerg. Sci. J., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 631–646, 2022, doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-015.
[20] A. D. Sakti et al., “Identification of illegally dumped plastic waste in a highly polluted river in Indonesia using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery,” Sci. Rep., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32087-5.






